After attempting to intercept the vehicle, a police pursuit began before it was called off when the officers lost sight of the vehicle.
Police said the car allegedly crashed into a barrier on Forsyth Road in Point Cook shortly afterwards.
The passenger died at the scene, while the driver, a 35-year-old Wyndham Vale man, was taken to hospital with non-life-threatening injuries.
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He remains in hospital under police guard.
Police said investigations into the crash remain ongoing.