The Wyreema girl is in a serious but stable condition after the incident at a hotel on Annand Street in Toowoomba about 2.40pm yesterday.
She was allegedly with a group of people she knew when she was shot in the arm, causing her to be rushed to a Brisbane hospital.
A 37-year-old Wyreema woman also suffered chest and arm injuries in the shooting and was taken to Toowoomba Hospital in a stable condition.
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Police arrested an 18-year-old North Toowoomba woman over the incident.
She has since been charged with grievous bodily harm, wounding, dangerous conduct with a weapon, unlawful possession of weapons (firearm) and authority required to possess explosives.
She is expected to appear at Toowoomba Magistrates Court today.