Sources with knowledge of the ASIO operation say some of the Russian agents posed as diplomatic and consular staff while others used deep cover identities.
They operated from a number of locations, including the Russian embassy in Canberra, sources said, before they were forced out of Australia.
Their goal was to recruit Australians with access to confidential information and steal data using advanced technology.
ASIO director-general Mike Burgess on Tuesday described the spy ring but did not name Russia.
His mention of the Russian spy ring came as he warned Australia faces an unprecedented threat of espionage and foreign interference with more Australians being targeted by agents than ever before.
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Multiple nations were using espionage and foreign interference to advance their interests and undermine ASIO efforts.
“They are using espionage to covertly understand Australia’s politics and decision-making, our alliances and partnerships, and our economic and policy priorities,” Burgess said.
“Based on what ASIO is seeing, more Australians are being targeted for espionage and foreign interference than at any time in Australia’s history – more hostile foreign intelligence services, more spies, more targeting, more harm, more ASIO investigations, more ASIO disruptions.”
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