Russia notified the US in advance of the launch through deconfliction lines, one official said.
Another official said that the test did not pose a risk to the US and that the US did not view the test as an anomaly or an escalation.
The test of the heavy SARMAT missile – nicknamed the Satan II in the West and capable of delivering multiple nuclear warheads – appears to have failed, officials said.
Instead, Putin made no mention of the launch in the speech that lasted an hour and 45 minutes.
CNN initially reported the apparent test occurred while Biden was in Ukraine based off information from sources.
The second source had told CNN that the test was on Monday without providing any more specific timing.
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The timing of the test suggests that the US and Russia were communicating through several different channels earlier this week for deconfliction purposes – US officials also notified the Russians on Sunday night, hours before Biden’s visit to Kyiv, that the president would be making the trip to the Ukrainian capital, National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan said on Monday.
CNN has asked Russia’s embassy in Washington for comment.
Putin has announced successful ICBM tests in the past, including last April, just months after Russia invaded Ukraine.
That test was also for the SARMAT missile which was first unveiled in 2016 and said by Russian state media to have a range exceeding 11,000km.
The missile can carry a warhead weighing 100 tonnes and was designed as a successor to the R-36M Voevoda ICBM.
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