Russia falsely claimed these rounds have nuclear components.
He said Russia would maintain control over the tactical nuclear weapons and the construction of storage facilities for them in Belarus would be completed by July 1.
Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko has long asked for the weapons, Putin said, speaking in an interview on Russian state television.
Russia has used the territory of Belarus as a staging ground to send troops into Ukraine, and Moscow and Minsk have maintained close military ties.
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Objects of war become new normal in Kyiv
Putin noted that Russia helped modernise Belarusian military aircraft last year to make them capable of carrying nuclear warheads.
He said 10 such planes were ready to go. He said nuclear weapons also could be carried by the Iskander short-range missiles that Russia provided to Belarus last year.
Tactical nuclear weapons are intended for use on the battlefield, unlike more powerful, longer-range strategic nuclear weapons.