Chinese tech startup DeepSeek’s new artificial intelligence chatbot has sparked discussions about the competition between China and the US in AI development, with many users flocking to test the rival of OpenAI’s ChatGPT.
Observers are eager to see whether the Chinese company has matched America’s leading AI companies at a fraction of the cost.
The chatbot’s ultimate impact on the AI industry is still unclear, but it appears to censor answers on sensitive Chinese topics, a practice commonly seen on China’s internet.
In 2023, China issued regulations requiring companies to conduct a security review and obtain approvals before their products can be publicly launched.
Here are some answers The Associated Press received from DeepSeek’s new chatbot and ChatGPT:
What does Winnie the Pooh mean in China?
For many Chinese, the Winnie the Pooh character is a playful taunt of President Xi Jinping. Chinese censors in the past briefly banned social media searches for the bear in mainland China.
ChatGPT got that idea right. It said Winnie the Pooh had become a symbol of political satire and resistance, often used to mock or criticise Xi. It explained that internet users compared Xi to the bear because of perceived similarities in their physical appearance.
DeepSeek’s chatbot said the bear is a beloved cartoon character that is adored by countless children and families in China, symbolising joy and friendship.
Then, abruptly, it said the Chinese government is “dedicated to providing a wholesome cyberspace for its citizens”.
It added that all online content is managed under Chinese laws and socialist core values, with the aim of protecting national security and social stability.
Who is the current US president?
It might be easy for many people to answer, but both AI chatbots mistakenly said Joe Biden, whose term ended last week, because they said their data was last updated in October 2023.
But they both tried to be responsible by reminding users to verify with updated sources.
What happened during the military crackdown in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square in June 1989?
The 1989 crackdown saw government troops open fire on student-led pro-democracy protesters in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square, resulting in hundreds, if not thousands, of deaths. The event remains a taboo subject in mainland China.
DeepSeek’s chatbot answered, “Sorry, that’s beyond my current scope. Let’s talk about something else”.
But ChatGPT gave a detailed answer on what it called “one of the most significant and tragic events” in modern Chinese history.
The chatbot talked about the background of the massive protests, the estimated casualties and their legacy.
What is the state of US-China relations?
DeepSeek’s chatbot’s answer echoed China’s official statements, saying the relationship between the world’s two largest economies is one of the most important bilateral relationships globally. It said China is committed to developing ties with the US based on mutual respect and win-win cooperation.
“We hope that the United States will work with China to meet each other halfway, properly manage differences, promote mutually beneficial cooperation, and push forward the healthy and stable development of China-US relations,” it said.
Some of these phrases — “meet … halfway,” “mutual respect” and “win-win cooperation” — mirror language used by a Chinese Foreign Ministry official in a 2021 news conference.
ChatGPT’s answer was more nuanced. It said the state of the US-China relationship is complex, characterised by a mix of economic interdependence, geopolitical rivalry and collaboration on global issues. It highlighted key topics including the two countries’ tensions over the South China Sea and Taiwan, their technological competition and more.
“The relationship between the US and China remains tense but crucial,” part of its answer said.
Again — like the Chinese official narrative — DeepSeek’s chatbot said Taiwan has been an integral part of China since ancient times. An example of a very similar statement is found in this government document issued in 2022.
“Compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Strait are connected by blood, jointly committed to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation,” the chatbot said.
ChatGPT said the answer depends on one’s perspective, while laying out China and Taiwan’s positions and the views of the international community.
It said from a legal and political standpoint, China claims Taiwan is part of its territory and the island democracy operates as a “de facto independent country” with its own government, economy and military.
