Eatonville, founded in 1887 by former slaves, is the oldest existing Black municipality in the country and the birthplace of the celebrated novelist and folklorist Zora Neale Hurston. It’s situated in Orange County, which boasts a well-developed tourist economy, and is easily accessible through an extensive highway network.
On Tuesday, a state task force assessing possible sites for a proposed Florida Museum of Black History passed up a chance to place the institution in Eatonville in favor of St. Johns County, where Martin Luther King once rallied protests against segregation in the city of St. Augustine but where the site would require extensive development including roadbuilding.
The close vote followed intense lobbying by St. Augustine/St. Johns, which branched out to support from surrounding counties, including Flagler County, where Palm Coast and the School Board contributed letters of support. (See: “Flagler School Board Will Send Letter of Support for Locating Museum of Black History in St. Johns.”)
The 5-4 vote was hotly contested, with Bruce Antone — the Democratic state House member from Orange County who sponsored the legislation creating the museum — complaining that the panel hadn’t considered all of the angles, including how the museum would be marketed, the stories it would tell, and how it would generate income.
“We were supposed to be making a decision on a museum, and so we haven’t even talked about the content of the museum,” Antone said during the meeting. He is not a member of the task force but spoke during public comment.
“Now we just put a roadblock in place. Now we’re going to go another year or two doing nothing. This was a huge decision for the state of Florida. A huge decision, and I knew we had one chance to get this right, and I think today we blew it, and I know we blew it.”
Ultimately, task force chair Geraldine Thompson, a Democratic state senator from Orange County, couldn’t garner enough votes for Eatonville, which she’d been rooting for from early in the process.
The vote ratified an earlier ranking that favored the St. Johns site, ahead of Eatonville and Opa-Locka in Miami-Dade County. Opa-Locka is regarded as the first city in northern Miami-Dade to integrate and claims Helen Miller as the first Black woman mayor in the state.
Voting in the majority was Howard Holley, the only Flagler County resident on the panel–he was appointed by Rep. Paul Renner, the speaker of the house–and a steady supporter of what he prefers to call the St. Augustine/St. Johns site, though he stressed that “my first priority is to see the Florida Museum of Black History built. If that required compromising on location to do that I’m more than willing to do that. But I want to see it built. That’s sort of the way I approached it. Yes, I did give the vote to St. Augustine/St. Johns, I thought that was a major site for us, but if that hadn’t come up, I would have supported whatever one.”
Video: A Florida Memory documentary on the civil rights demonstrations of 1964 in St. Augustine. Caution: contains strong, offensive and tendentious language.
During a four-hour meeting, members of the task force argued over how the Eatonville and St. Johns sites could function in the long run without financial support from the Legislature and the process by which St. Johns got to the top. The factors members considered included the sites’ historical significance, the state of the regional economy, how many people live in the area, transportation infrastructure, availability of local funding matches, and partnerships for educational programming. (Watch the full meeting here.)
Once the group chose St. Johns, members debated whether they would launch a study into how to get the museum running. They didn’t decide, meaning more work lies ahead when the group meets again on June 5. The task force wants to meet twice in June, but the final meeting hasn’t been scheduled.
Undeveloped land
The group must deliver a report to Gov. Ron DeSantis and legislative leaders by the end of June, leaving a little over a month to finish this work. There’s no guarantee the museum will become a reality — the Legislature gets final say on whether to actually establish the museum and its location.
During the debate, Antone and other members of the public brought up concerns regarding the undeveloped parcel St. Johns pitched for the museum’s location. Eatonville planned to make 10 acres available in a mixed-use zone for the project. It was the only option connected to an interstate highway.
The Johns County plan assumes that Florida Memorial University, one of the state’s historically Black colleges and universities, would provide 17 of its 40 acres, located 2.5 miles from the center of Historic Downtown St. Augustine.
The meeting provided the public with its first chance to see specific comparisons between the St. Johns plan and those from Eatonville and Opa-Locka, including a study by Andrew Chin, an architecture and engineering professor at Florida A&M University.
“St. Johns County knows that change is coming,” he said. “I think the benefit of that space is that the land can be rezoned for the purposes and surrounding uses that would best-interest or best serve a museum.”
Chin acknowledged that planners would need to navigate multiple contingencies associated with the St. Johns site but added: “I think until we know that something can’t be built, I think we assume something can be built.”
Chin didn’t endorse any of the locations.
Criticism of the ranking
While Opa-Locka in theory remained a possibility during Tuesday’s meeting, none of the task force members advocated for that location. Instead, the focus was on St. Johns and Eatonville, which both hold significance in Black history.
When Florida was under Spanish rule, Fort Mose in St. Johns served as a settlement for enslaved people fleeing the Carolinas. During the 1960s Civil Rights movement, King led demonstrations to end segregation that drew national attention. He was arrested and held in the county jail. A house he was staying in drew gunfire.
In its proposal, Eatonville leaned on the legacy of author Hurston and the town’s proximity to Ocoee, site of a massacre in 1920 on an election night when a white mob killed dozens of Black people.
As things stood Tuesday, St. Johns scored the highest rating at 96.78 on a 110-point scale, and Eatonville sat at 95.33. A 78 score from Republican Rep. Kiyan Michael of Duval County lowered Eatonville’s rating.
“To make the process fair, I don’t think we can ignore the rankings,” Thompson said, seemingly alluding to Michael’s vote. “There are so many other bodies that, as you say, eliminate the highest and eliminate the lowest so that you don’t put yourself in a position where you have one person manipulating the process to tank a proposal.”
In return, Michael complained she was being targeted.
“There has been a lot of media coverage on this task force, on the meeting that we just had, the last meeting that we had, and it was targeted towards me and the way that I scored,” she said. “I have a right to score according to the information just like everyone else. Never did I deliberately taint any score to rise up another location.”
–Jackie Llanos, Florida Phoenix, and FlaglerLive
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